Electroreduction of Dioxygen for Fuel-Cell Applications: Materials and Challenges

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A review of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and its use in fuel-cell applications is presented. Discussed are mechanisms of the ORR and implementations of catalysts for this reaction. Specific catalysts discussed include nanoparticles, macrocycles and pyrolysis products, carbons, chalcogenides, enzymes, and coordination complexes. A prospectus for future efforts is provided.

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